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Cancer during HIV infection.
Marinho Marques da Silva Neto1,2, Carlos Brites3, Álvaro H Borges4
1Department of Life Sciences, Bahia State University, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Summary
People with HIV have a higher cancer risk, especially for infection-related cancers. This review covers risk factors, global data, and screening guidelines for cancer in HIV-positive individuals.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exhibit a substantially elevated risk of developing cancer compared to the general population.
- This increased cancer risk is particularly pronounced for malignancies associated with infections.
- The precise mechanisms driving these excess cancer risks are not fully understood, with both HIV-specific and unrelated factors implicated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize recent findings on the cancer burden in HIV-positive individuals, emphasizing HIV-related risk factors.
- To examine emerging data concerning cancer incidence among HIV-positive populations in low- and middle-income countries.
- To review current cancer screening guidelines for HIV-positive individuals and discuss novel screening strategies under investigation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of newly published literature on cancer and HIV.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on cancer incidence in HIV-positive populations globally.
- Evaluation of existing cancer screening guidelines and ongoing research in the field.
Main Results:
- HIV infection is linked to a significant increase in overall cancer risk.
- Infection-related malignancies represent a major component of the excess cancer burden.
- Emerging data highlights cancer trends in low- and middle-income countries, and new screening strategies are being explored.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the multifaceted risk factors for cancer in HIV-positive individuals is crucial.
- Addressing the global disparities in cancer burden among HIV-positive populations is a public health priority.
- Optimizing cancer screening protocols for HIV-positive individuals is essential for early detection and improved outcomes.
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