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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Radiation-induced tissue damage and response.

William H McBride1, Dörthe Schaue1

  • 1Departent of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.

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|January 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding normal tissue responses to ionizing radiation is crucial. Advances in technology reveal stem cell heterogeneity and plasticity, impacting radiation therapy, especially with hypofractionation.

Keywords:
acute and late responsessenescenceautophagyinflammationregenerationclonogenionizing radiationoxidative stressstem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Normal tissue responses to ionizing radiation have been studied since the late 19th century.
  • Early work established time-dose relationships and utilized clonogenic assays to assess radiosensitivity.
  • Tissue structure and cell turnover were identified as key factors in radiation response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical and recent advancements in understanding normal tissue responses to ionizing radiation.
  • To highlight the impact of new technologies on radiobiology and radiation therapy.
  • To emphasize the role of tissue structural diversity and plasticity in radiation responses.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of radiobiology research.
  • Incorporation of findings from in situ clonogenic assays.
  • Integration of data from lineage tracing, advanced imaging, and single-cell sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell heterogeneity and plasticity are critical factors in radiation-induced tissue damage.
  • Modern technologies enable more precise radiation delivery, leading to hypofractionation strategies.
  • Understanding tissue compartments provides context for radiation response.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue structural diversity and plasticity are fundamental to understanding radiation responses.
  • Advances in technology are expanding the scope of radiobiology and clinical applications.
  • Future research should consider these factors in optimizing radiation therapy.