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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Animal affect and decision-making.

Michael Mendl1, Elizabeth S Paul1

  • 1Centre for Behavioural Biology, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, UK.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|January 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new framework to understand how animal emotions (affect) influence decision-making. It models how short-term and long-term affective states guide adaptive responses across species.

Keywords:
AffectCognitionCognitive biasCore affectDecision-makingEmotionJudgement biasMoodReinforcement learning

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral ecology

Background:

  • The study of animal affect, or emotion, is gaining traction.
  • Research has focused more on the mechanisms of emotion than its adaptive functions.
  • Existing hypotheses suggest emotions coordinate adaptive responses and decisions, but the precise processes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel framework integrating animal affect and decision-making.
  • To provide an operational definition of animal affect aligned with dimensional concepts.
  • To make animal affect empirically tractable for scientific study.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing modern decision theory to model affective influences.
  • Defining core affect operationally, encompassing emotion-like and mood-like states.
  • Developing a model of how affective states influence decision-making processes.

Main Results:

  • Proposed a framework for understanding the function of animal affect in decision-making.
  • Introduced concepts of affective options, predictions, and outcomes.
  • Demonstrated the generalizability of the framework across different species.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a structured approach to studying animal affect and decision-making.
  • The model elucidates the role of affective states in coordinating adaptive behaviors.
  • This research opens new avenues for empirical investigation into the function of animal emotions.