Effect of Y Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZM31 Alloy

Effects of different Y contents (0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.5, 3, 5 and 10 wt.%) on the microstructure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of Mg-3Zn-1Mn (ZM31) alloys were systematically studied. The existence form and action mechanism of Y in the experimental alloys were investigated. The results revealed that with the change of Y content, the main phases of the ZM31-xY alloys changed from Mg₇Zn₃ phase, I-phase, I + W-phase, W-phase, W + LPSO phase to LPSO phase. When Y content was low (≤1.5%), hot extrusion could break up the residual phases after homogenization to form dispersed fine rare-earth phase particles, and fine second phases would also precipitate in the grain, which could inhibit the grain growth. When Y content was high (≥3%), the experimental alloys were only suitable for high-temperature extrusion due to the formation of the high heat stable rare-earth LPSO phase. In addition, Y could evidently enhance the mechanical properties of the as-extruded ZM31 alloy, of which the ZM31-10Y alloy had the best mechanical properties, that is, the tensile and yield strengths are 403 MPa and 342 MPa. The high strengths of the alloys were mainly determined by fine grain strengthening, rare-earth phase strengthening and dispersion strengthening of fine α-Mn particles.