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Age-Related Changes in the Gut Microbiota Modify Brain Lipid Composition.

Mayssa Albouery1, Bénédicte Buteau1, Stéphane Grégoire1

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Age-associated gut microbiota changes impact brain and liver lipid metabolism. Transplanting aged gut microbes altered brain lipid profiles and gene expression, suggesting a role in aging processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolism
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Aging is linked to metabolic shifts, particularly in brain lipid metabolism, potentially contributing to age-related diseases.
  • Changes in gut microbiota composition are characteristic of aging.
  • Gut-brain communication axes and microbiota's influence on host metabolism suggest a link between gut microbiota and age-related brain lipid alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether age-associated gut microbiota modifications influence lipid metabolism in the aging brain.
  • To determine the impact of aged microbiota transplantation on lipid profiles in the brain, plasma, and liver.

Main Methods:

  • Germ-free mice were colonized with fecal microbiota from young or old donors.
  • Lipid classes and fatty acid profiles were analyzed in the brain (cortex), plasma, and liver using thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography.
  • Gene expression related to lipid synthesis was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Colonization with aged microbiota increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and decreased cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cortex.
  • Specific fatty acids and lipid species (e.g., phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin) were significantly altered in the cortex and liver.
  • Gene expression involved in MUFA and PUFA synthesis was dysregulated.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related gut microbiota alterations can significantly impact brain and liver lipid metabolism.
  • The lipid changes induced by aged microbiota resemble some aspects of aging.
  • Gut microbiota modifications may play a role in the age-related decline of health status.