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Traveller exposures to animals: a GeoSentinel analysis.

Michael P Muehlenbein¹, Kristina M Angelo², Patricia Schlagenhauf³

¹Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, 1214 S 4th St, Waco, TX 76706, USA.

Journal of Travel Medicine

|January 30, 2020

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Summary

International travelers face risks from animal encounters, with most exposures occurring in Asia. Pre-travel consultations and vaccinations are crucial for preventing rabies and other zoonotic diseases.

Area of Science:

Global Health
Travel Medicine
Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

Human interaction with diverse animal species poses risks of injury and infection to international travelers.
Animal bites, scratches, and other exposures can lead to severe health consequences, including death.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the diversity and geographical distribution of animal-related exposures among international travelers.
To identify common species involved in traveler exposures and assess pre-travel healthcare seeking behaviors.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of GeoSentinel Surveillance Network data from January 2007 to December 2018.
Inclusion of non-migration travel records with animal bite or non-bite exposures; exclusion of cases with unknown exposure regions or unrelated diagnoses.

Keywords:

Bite consultation herpesvirus B post-exposure pre-exposure prophylaxis rabies

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Main Results:

6470 animal exposures were recorded, with 71% occurring in Asia.
Dogs, monkeys, and cats accounted for 76% of exposures, involving a wide range of species across 167 countries.
Over 62% of travelers with available data did not report pre-travel consultations.

Conclusions:

Education during pre-travel consultations and behavioral modification are essential to minimize animal exposures.
Pre-exposure rabies vaccination for high-risk areas and timely post-exposure prophylaxis are recommended.
Addressing zoonotic risks requires a multi-faceted approach including traveler education and appropriate medical interventions.