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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Substantial radiation dose reduction with consistent image quality using a novel low-dose stone composition protocol.

Georg Apfaltrer¹, Anja Dutschke², Pascal A T Baltzer²

¹Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

World Journal of Urology

|January 30, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new low-dose CT protocol for urolithiasis, combining spectral filtration and targeted dual-energy CT. The novel approach significantly reduces radiation exposure while maintaining high diagnostic image quality for stone detection and characterization.

Keywords:

Dual-energy CT Low-dose CT Multi-detector computed tomography Urolithiasis

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Published on: April 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Radiology
Medical Imaging
Urology

Background:

Urolithiasis diagnosis relies on CT scans, often involving significant radiation exposure.
Optimizing CT protocols is crucial for balancing diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a novel low-dose CT protocol for urolithiasis.
The protocol combines a 150 kV spectral filtration unenhanced CT (Sn150 kVp) with stone-targeted dual-energy CT (DECT).

Main Methods:

232 patients with urolithiasis were included.
Group 1 (n=116) received Sn150 kVp followed by stone-targeted DECT.
Group 2 (n=116) received standard 120 kVp single-energy CT (SE).

Main Results:

The combined Sn150 kVp and stone-targeted DECT protocol achieved a 24.9% radiation dose reduction compared to SE 120 kVp NCCT (3.34 mSv vs. 4.45 mSv).
Diagnostic image quality was comparable between the groups, with no significant difference in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).
DECT successfully differentiated uric acid from non-uric acid stones in all cases.

Conclusions:

The novel low-dose CT protocol offers substantial radiation dose reduction for urolithiasis patients.
This protocol maintains high diagnostic image quality, enabling accurate stone detection and characterization.