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Task-related gaze control in human crowd navigation.

Roy S Hessels1,2, Andrea J van Doorn3, Jeroen S Benjamins3,4

  • 1Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands. royhessels@gmail.com.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|January 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gaze behavior in crowds changes based on the task. While navigating, people don't fixate on others more than objects, but seeking eye contact increases head fixations.

Keywords:
GazeHuman crowdsSocial affordancesSocial interactionTaskWearable eye tracking

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Perception Science

Background:

  • Human crowds present complex visual environments.
  • Understanding gaze behavior is crucial for navigation and social interaction.
  • Previous research has not fully explored gaze dynamics in dynamic crowd navigation under varying task demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how visual information is acquired for navigating human crowds.
  • To examine gaze behavior when seeking social affordances within crowds.
  • To determine the influence of task instructions on gaze patterns during crowd navigation.

Main Methods:

  • 11 observers used head-mounted eye-tracking glasses in hallways with crowds and objects.
  • Two navigation rounds: 1) collision avoidance, 2) collision avoidance + eye contact detection.
  • Task performance metrics included walking speed and collision rates.

Main Results:

  • Navigation performance (speed, collisions) remained consistent across tasks.
  • Fixation durations were similar for heads, bodies, objects, and walls, with distant crowds held gaze longer.
  • No evidence suggests heads/bodies inherently capture gaze more than objects during navigation.
  • When seeking eye contact, head fixations increased significantly, reducing body fixations.

Conclusions:

  • Gaze behavior during crowd navigation is significantly task-dependent.
  • Not all visual fixations are essential for basic crowd navigation.
  • Explicitly seeking social cues (like eye contact) modulates gaze patterns.
  • Head-mounted eye-tracking effectively balances experimental control with ecological validity.