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Published on: April 13, 2017
Epigenomic and transcriptional determinants of microglial cell identity
1Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract:
Microglia perform multiple tasks that are essential to ensure proper cerebral functions, including synaptic remodeling, clearance of molecular debris, prevention of infections, and so forth. Furthermore, accumulating genetic and pathological evidence implicates microglial cell activity in the etiology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Given this, efforts aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial cell functions hold great potential for the development of novel therapies for various conditions affecting the central nervous system. In that regard, the application of paradigms in epigenomics to study transcription in microglia has provided significant insights into the molecular mechanisms that control the ontogeny and functions of these cells. With a focus on the roles of genomic regulatory elements and the epigenetic marks that control microglial gene expression, we review here recent key advancements in our comprehension of the epigenomic and transcriptional mechanisms that enable microglial cell development and activity.
Insights
Microglia, the brain
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Microglia are crucial for brain function, involved in synaptic remodeling, debris clearance, and infection prevention.
- Microglial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.
- Understanding microglial molecular mechanisms is key for developing new CNS therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding microglial epigenomics and transcriptional regulation.
- To highlight the role of genomic regulatory elements and epigenetic marks in microglial gene expression.
Main Methods:
- Review of epigenomic studies focusing on microglia.
- Analysis of transcriptional mechanisms controlling microglial development and function.
Main Results:
- Epigenomic approaches have yielded significant insights into microglial ontogeny and function.
- Key advancements illuminate the roles of regulatory elements and epigenetic marks in microglial gene expression.
Conclusions:
- Epigenomic and transcriptional studies are vital for comprehending microglial biology.
- This knowledge holds potential for therapeutic strategies targeting central nervous system disorders.
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