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The risk of epilepsy in children with celiac disease: a population-based cohort study

C Canova1, J F Ludvigsson2,3,4,5, C Barbiellini Amidei1

  • 1Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

European Journal of Neurology
|January 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Individuals with celiac disease (CD) face a doubled risk of epilepsy, even before diagnosis. Early screening for CD in epilepsy patients may improve treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder.
  • The association between CD and neurological conditions like epilepsy is increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding the temporal relationship between CD and epilepsy is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk of epilepsy in young individuals diagnosed with celiac disease.
  • To compare epilepsy incidence in CD patients versus age- and sex-matched controls.
  • To explore epilepsy risk before and after CD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 213,635 individuals in Italy (1989-2011).
  • Identified 1,215 CD patients and 6,075 matched controls.
  • Used conditional logistic and Cox regression to analyze epilepsy risk (ORs, HRs).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with CD had a significantly higher risk of epilepsy (adjusted OR 2.03).
  • Increased epilepsy risk was observed both before CD diagnosis (OR 2.29) and after (HR 1.96).
  • Female individuals with CD showed a particularly elevated risk of epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Young individuals with celiac disease have an increased risk of developing epilepsy.
  • Screening for CD in patients with unexplained epilepsy is recommended.
  • Early CD diagnosis and treatment may enhance epilepsy management.
Abstract

Keywords:
antiepileptic drugsceliac diseasechildrencohort studyepilepsyepileptic seizure

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