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Silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide particles found in human tissues.

Ruud J B Peters1, Agnes G Oomen2, Greet van Bemmel1

  • 1Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Nanotoxicology
|January 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study quantifies silica (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in human tissues. Findings reveal the presence and distribution of these common industrial particles in postmortem organs, highlighting potential human exposure risks.

Keywords:
Silicon dioxidehuman tissuenanoparticlesilicasingle particle ICP-MStitanium dioxide

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are widely used in consumer and food products, leading to potential human exposure.
  • Systemic uptake of these nanoparticles following exposure is a growing concern.
  • Understanding the presence and form of these particles in human tissues is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and quantify total silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti), as well as particulate SiO2 and TiO2, in postmortem human tissues.
  • To determine the distribution and concentration of these particles in liver, spleen, kidney, jejunum, and ileum.
  • To analyze the size and morphology of detected SiO2 and TiO2 particles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of postmortem tissue samples from 15 individuals.
  • Utilized validated sample digestion methods.
  • Employed single-particle inductively coupled plasma high-resolution mass spectrometry (spICP-HRMS) for low-level quantification.
  • Confirmed particle presence using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS).

Main Results:

  • Total Si concentrations ranged from <2 to 191 mg/kg, with particulate SiO2 accounting for approximately 10% of the total.
  • Particulate SiO2 particles ranged from 150 to 850 nm, with a mode of 270 nm.
  • Total Ti concentrations ranged from <0.01 to 2.0 mg/kg, with particulate TiO2 comprising about 80% of the total.
  • Particulate TiO2 particles were generally 50-500 nm, with a mode of 100-160 nm; 17% were <100 nm.
  • SiO2 and TiO2 particles were confirmed in liver tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Particulate SiO2 and TiO2 are present in various human postmortem tissues, including liver, spleen, kidney, and intestines.
  • The majority of titanium detected in these tissues exists in particulate form (TiO2).
  • The findings confirm systemic uptake and distribution of these industrially relevant nanoparticles in the human body.