Mortality and factors associated with phosphide poisoning: prospective cohort study
Alberto Iram Villa-Manzano1, X. Xitlalli Zamora-López, Miguel Huerta-Viera
1Secretaría de Servicios Médicos de Guadalajara, Centro Regional de Información y Atención Toxicológica. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social
|January 30, 2020
Summary
Metal phosphide poisoning has a high mortality rate, especially in acute cases. Delayed medical help, larger doses, and radiographic evidence significantly increase the risk of death from this poisoning.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Clinical Medicine
- Public Health
Context:
- Aluminum and zinc phosphides are widely used fumigants.
- Metal phosphide poisoning (PP) is a significant cause of mortality, particularly in suicide attempts.
- Zinc phosphide is readily available and frequently used in poisonings in Mexico.
Purpose:
- To determine the mortality rate associated with metal phosphide poisoning.
- To identify key factors contributing to mortality in metal phosphide poisoning cases.
- To analyze clinical and exposure-related variables influencing outcomes in a poison control center setting.
Summary:
- A prospective cohort study followed 44 patients with metal phosphide poisoning and 88 controls.
- The overall mortality rate was 16% in the acute phase, with no deaths in subacute or chronic phases.
- Factors significantly associated with increased mortality included delayed medical assistance (>6 hours), higher poison dose (≥1 bottle/tablet), and radiographic evidence of poisoning.
Impact:
- Metal phosphide poisoning presents a substantial mortality risk.
- Ineffective detoxification and prolonged exposure are linked to poor outcomes.
- Findings highlight the critical need for timely medical intervention and effective management strategies for metal phosphide poisoning.
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