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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

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The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Transformation of speech sequences in human sensorimotor circuits.

Kathrin Müsch1, Kevin Himberger2, Kean Ming Tan3

  • 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; christopher.honey@gmail.com.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mental speech rehearsal transforms brain activity in sensorimotor and premotor cortex, while higher-order semantic representations remain shared across perception and rehearsal. This reveals distinct neural processes for auditory recall.

Keywords:
ECoGsentence repetitionsubvocal rehearsalverbal short-term memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Humans can mentally rehearse spoken words after hearing them.
  • It remains unclear if this mental replay reactivates original perceptual brain dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether silent mental rehearsal of sentences involves reactivation of perceptual brain dynamics.
  • To differentiate between reactivation and transformation of neural representations during speech perception and rehearsal.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocorticography (ECoG) activity was recorded from the lateral cerebral cortex.
  • Participants heard spoken sentences and then mentally rehearsed them.
  • Neural responses were analyzed for sentence-specific representations during perception versus rehearsal.

Main Results:

  • Sensorimotor and premotor cortex showed precise speech responses that transformed into distinct representations during rehearsal.
  • Prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex exhibited less precise responses, with higher-order semantic representations shared between perception and rehearsal.
  • Speech perception and mental rehearsal involve distinct neural processing.

Conclusions:

  • Mental rehearsal of speech transforms stimulus-locked representations in sensorimotor and premotor areas.
  • Higher-order semantic representations are reactivated across perception and rehearsal in prefrontal and temporoparietal regions.
  • Neural mechanisms for speech recall involve both transformation and reactivation.