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Predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma
Caroline A Nebhan1, Douglas B Johnson1
1Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, USA.
Abstract:
Introduction: Advanced melanoma has recently been transformed by the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors. These agents have altered the prognosis of this disease from a median survival of <1 year to recent data showing a 5-year survival surpassing 50%. Combination regimens combining PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade are associated with superior response and progression-free survival at the cost of increased toxicities.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the clinical and investigational utility of predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in melanoma. Topics include tumor-intrinsic biomarkers, tumor microenvironment biomarkers, and host characteristic biomarkers. We also discuss biomarkers of immune-related adverse events and how biomarkers may be used to personalize the selection of immune checkpoint inhibition in patients.Expert opinion: The decisions confronting oncologists when choosing treatment are increasing in complexity. Biomarkers may aid in these treatment decisions and are growing in importance.
Insights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized advanced melanoma treatment, improving survival rates. Predictive biomarkers are crucial for personalizing therapy and managing toxicities in melanoma patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Advanced melanoma prognosis has dramatically improved with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Combination therapies (PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade) offer superior outcomes but increase toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in melanoma.
- To explore biomarkers for treatment selection and immune-related adverse events.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical and investigational data on biomarkers.
- Categorization of biomarkers into tumor-intrinsic, microenvironment, and host characteristics.
Main Results:
- Biomarkers are essential for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Biomarkers can help identify patients at risk for immune-related adverse events.
Conclusions:
- Biomarker-guided treatment selection is increasingly important for optimizing melanoma therapy.
- Personalizing immune checkpoint inhibition enhances efficacy and safety.
