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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
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Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

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Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in multiple sclerosis.

Melis Olcum1, Bora Tastan2, Cagla Kiser2

  • 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology
|January 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis involves innate immunity, specifically microglia and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Aberrant activation of this complex in microglia contributes to neuroinflammation and disease progression in multiple sclerosis.

Keywords:
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMicrogliaMultiple sclerosisNLRP3 inflammasome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Innate Immunity
  • Central Nervous System Disorders

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune CNS disease.
  • Adaptive immunity's role is known, but innate immunity's contribution is emerging.
  • Microglia are key innate immune cells in the CNS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MS.
  • To summarize current knowledge on MS, microglia, and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental, post-mortem, and clinical studies.
  • Focus on microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MS and animal models.
  • Exploration of therapeutic approaches targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathways.

Main Results:

  • Microglia utilize pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including NLRP3, to detect danger signals.
  • NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
  • Increased NLRP3 inflammasome component expression is observed in MS.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation is implicated in MS pathogenesis.
  • Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome presents a potential therapeutic avenue for MS.
  • Further research is needed in this rapidly evolving field.