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Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development and regulatory considerations.
Kiriiri Geoffrey1, A N Mwangi1, S M Maru1
1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
Summary
Sunscreens protect skin from sun damage and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This review details sunscreen science, classification, formulation, and global regulations to combat rising UV-induced melanoma risks.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and Photobiology
- Cosmetic Science and Formulation
Background:
- Sun exposure, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation, has been linked to skin damage since ancient times.
- Increased awareness of UV risks has driven significant advancements in sunscreen science, technology, and formulation.
- Rising rates of UV-induced melanomas necessitate effective sun protection strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the scientific basis of sunscreen use.
- To expound on sunscreen classification, formulation, and quality control.
- To examine global regulatory frameworks for sunscreen products.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review across major scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, BMJ, SCIELO).
- Synthesis of information on UV radiation, skin damage, and sunscreen efficacy.
- Analysis of regulatory standards and quality control measures worldwide.
Main Results:
- UV radiation is the primary cause of sun-induced skin damage and melanoma.
- Sunscreen formulations have evolved significantly to offer enhanced photoprotection.
- Global regulations vary, impacting product availability and efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Sunscreen use is crucial for preventing UV-induced skin damage and reducing melanoma incidence.
- Continued research and standardized global regulations are essential for optimizing sunscreen effectiveness.
- Public health initiatives promoting sunscreen use are vital in mitigating risks from recreational sunbathing and artificial tanning.
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