Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

341
Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
341
Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow01:27

Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow

512
Open channel flow, where a fluid flows with a free surface exposed to the atmosphere, is primarily governed by gravitational and surface effects, distinguishing it from closed conduit or pipe flow. In open channels such as rivers, canals, and artificial channels, energy analysis provides valuable insights into flow behavior and the relationship between depth, velocity, and slope.Specific Energy and Flow DepthIn open channel flow, the specific energy, E, combines the gravitational potential...
512
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline01:30

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

1.4K
Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
1.4K
Bernoulli's Principle: Applications01:17

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

6.1K
There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:
6.1K
Plane Potential Flows01:23

Plane Potential Flows

774
Plane potential flows simplify fluid motion by assuming the fluid to be irrotational and incompressible. These characteristics allow these flows to be described by a velocity potential function, ϕ, representing the flow speed in a given direction, and a stream function, ψ, that visualizes the flow path, both governed by Laplace's equation. These parameters help in estimating flow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure fields around various hydraulic structures.
Uniform...
774
Bernoulli's Principle01:01

Bernoulli's Principle

11.6K
Bernoulli's equation incorporates how fluid pressure changes across a static, incompressible fluid by equating the kinetic energy contribution to zero. It is also helpful in analyzing horizontal flows in which the gravitational energy density is constant throughout. The latter equation is so useful that it is called Bernoulli's principle. According to Bernoulli's principle, the fluid pressure drops if the speed increases and vice versa.
Bernoulli's principle has several...
11.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A novel 3D-printed tool for <i>in vitro</i> cell interaction studies under flow conditions.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same author

Gas Bubble Stabilization Limits Tetraalkylammonium-Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution.

ACS catalysis·2026
Same author

Experimental Validation of Large Eddy Simulation as a Benchmark for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Flow Modeling in a Magnetically Levitated Blood Pump.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2025
Same author

TWISTER (Twente water injection system for turbulence experimental research): a jet array in the Twente water tunnel for generating strong turbulence using four-dimensional gradient noise.

Experiments in fluids·2025
Same author

Electrolyte droplet spraying in H<sub>2</sub> bubbles during water electrolysis under normal and microgravity conditions.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Combined effects of electrode morphology and electrolyte composition on single H<sub>2</sub> gas bubble detachment during hydrogen evolution reaction.

Nanoscale·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.8K

Small-scale entrainment in inclined gravity currents.

Maarten van Reeuwijk1, Dominik Krug2, Markus Holzner3

  • 11Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK.

Environmental Fluid Mechanics (Dordrecht, Netherlands : 2001)
|January 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Buoyancy significantly impacts turbulent entrainment at small scales. Direct numerical simulations reveal that interface velocity scales with Kolmogorov velocity, linking integral and small-scale entrainment for gravity currents and wall jets.

Keywords:
Gravity currentSmall-scale turbulenceTurbulent entrainment

More Related Videos

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

9.9K
Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.8K
Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

9.9K
Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Turbulence Research
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Turbulent entrainment is crucial in many geophysical and engineering flows.
  • Understanding the small-scale dynamics of the turbulent/nonturbulent interface is key to accurate modeling.
  • Buoyancy effects can significantly alter turbulent structures and entrainment rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of buoyancy on small-scale turbulent entrainment.
  • To analyze the behavior of the turbulent/nonturbulent interface in buoyancy-driven flows.
  • To connect integral entrainment coefficients with small-scale entrainment mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a gravity current and a wall jet.
  • Identification of the turbulent/nonturbulent interface using enstrophy iso-levels.
  • Analysis of relative enstrophy isosurface velocity and its scaling.

Main Results:

  • The relative enstrophy isosurface velocity scales with the Kolmogorov velocity in the viscous superlayer for both flow types.
  • A strong agreement was found between integral entrainment coefficients and small-scale entrainment estimates.
  • Baroclinic torque contribution to interface velocity was found to be negligible.

Conclusions:

  • Buoyancy's effect on entrainment is primarily due to reduced interface velocity relative to the integral velocity scale and decreased isosurface area.
  • The findings provide insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing entrainment in stratified turbulent flows.
  • DNS results offer a basis for improving large-eddy simulations and turbulence models.