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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space.

Emilia Kilpua¹, Hannu E J Koskinen^1,2, Tuija I Pulkkinen³

¹1Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Living Reviews in Solar Physics

|January 31, 2020

Summary

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and their sheath regions are key drivers of space weather. This review summarizes five decades of research on their properties, effects, and outstanding questions.

Keywords:

Coronal mass ejections Interplanetary shocks Magnetic clouds Solar wind Space weather

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Area of Science:

Space Physics
Plasma Physics
Heliophysics

Background:

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are solar transients impacting the heliosphere.
Shock waves and turbulent sheath regions form ahead of faster ICMEs.
These phenomena are crucial for understanding space weather and plasma physics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review observational signatures and properties of ICMEs and sheath regions.
To discuss modeling, outstanding questions, and limitations in current research.
To highlight space weather consequences across the Solar System and beyond.

Main Methods:

Analysis of five decades of observational data.
Review of existing modeling techniques for ICMEs and sheaths.
Synthesis of current understanding and identification of research gaps.

Main Results:

ICMEs, sheaths, and shocks significantly influence heliospheric and planetary environments.
ICME-driven shocks accelerate charged particles to high energies.
These structures are responsible for intense geospace storms and affect planetary atmospheres and radiation environments.

Conclusions:

Significant progress has been made in understanding ICMEs and sheaths over the past 50 years.
Limitations in single-spacecraft observations hinder a complete understanding of these large-scale structures.
Further research is needed to address fundamental questions regarding their origin, evolution, and diverse effects.