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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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A fully coupled computational fluid dynamics - agent-based model of atherosclerotic plaque development: Multiscale

Anna Corti1, Claudio Chiastra2, Monika Colombo1

  • 1Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Computers in Biology and Medicine
|January 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a multiscale model combining computational fluid dynamics and agent-based modeling to simulate atherosclerosis development. The model accurately replicates plaque formation and arterial changes driven by blood flow dynamics.

Keywords:
Agent-based modelAtherosclerosisComputer modelingECMHemodynamicsLipid plaqueMultiscale modelRemodelingSMCWall shear stress

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) involves plaque buildup and lumen narrowing due to atherosclerosis.
  • Computational models offer insights into atherosclerosis pathogenesis and can optimize interventions.
  • Predictive models for PAD require incorporating atherosclerosis development history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multiscale modeling framework for atherosclerosis.
  • To replicate hemodynamic-driven arterial wall remodeling and plaque formation.
  • To integrate atherosclerosis development history into predictive models.

Main Methods:

  • Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) framework.
  • CFD computed hemodynamics in 3D artery models.
  • 2D ABMs simulated cellular, extracellular matrix, and lipid dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The multiscale model qualitatively replicated physiological and pathological arterial configurations.
  • Agent-based model outputs were primarily influenced by cell and extracellular matrix dynamics, impacting lumen area.
  • Specific parameters affected lipid core size independently of cell/ECM or lumen area.

Conclusions:

  • The CFD-ABM framework successfully described atherosclerotic changes.
  • The model linked disturbed hemodynamics to morphological and compositional arterial alterations.
  • This approach provides a foundation for understanding and predicting atherosclerosis progression.