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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
Published on: May 5, 2018
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Corinne Swearingen1, Zachary A Colvin2, Steven R Leuthner1
1Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 999 North 92nd Street, Suite C410, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA.
Abstract:
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) historically has been considered a lethal fetal condition. Understanding NIHF to be a symptom or an end-stage status of a variety of fetal conditions, along with improved fetal diagnostics and interventions, has changed the landscape for at least some fetuses. Understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms has led to the development of diagnostic algorithms, improved understanding of cause, and therefore fetal or neonatal treatments. Multidisciplinary counseling and shared decision making are critical to supporting families through pregnancy decisions, potential fetal therapeutic interventions, neonatal management decisions, and at times accepting or transitioning to palliative care.
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