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Related Concept Videos

Rh Blood Group01:19

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
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Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis.

Corinne Swearingen1, Zachary A Colvin2, Steven R Leuthner1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 999 North 92nd Street, Suite C410, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|February 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is now understood as a symptom, not a death sentence. Improved diagnostics and understanding of causes allow for better fetal and neonatal treatments, offering new hope.

Keywords:
AscitesCystic hygromaFetal anemiaFetal congestive heart failureNonimmune hydropsPalliative carePleural effusionsPrenatal diagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) was historically viewed as a uniformly lethal fetal condition.
  • Recent advancements have reframed NIHF as a symptom or end-stage manifestation of diverse fetal pathologies.
  • Evolving diagnostic and interventional capabilities have significantly altered the prognosis for affected fetuses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the evolving understanding of NIHF.
  • To highlight the impact of improved diagnostics and interventions on fetal outcomes.
  • To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary care and shared decision-making in managing NIHF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current understanding of NIHF.
  • Analysis of advancements in fetal diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.
  • Discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • NIHF is recognized as a symptom with varied underlying causes.
  • Diagnostic algorithms and targeted interventions have improved outcomes for some fetuses.
  • Understanding pathophysiology enables development of fetal and neonatal treatments.

Conclusions:

  • The paradigm for NIHF has shifted from a universally fatal condition to a manageable symptom with improved interventions.
  • Multidisciplinary counseling and shared decision-making are essential for family support throughout pregnancy, neonatal care, and palliative options.
  • Continued research into pathophysiologic mechanisms promises further advancements in fetal and neonatal management of NIHF.