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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Sarcopenia.

Federico Bozzetti1

  • 1, Milan, Italy. federicobozzetti@gmail.com.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|February 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Sarcopenia, or muscle loss, is common in cancer patients and can be caused by cancer or its treatments. Early detection and a multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, nutritionists, and physical therapists are crucial for effective management.

Keywords:
Cancer sarcopeniaChemotherapy-induced sarcopeniaMuscle attenuationMuscle chemotoxicityMyosteatosisSarcopeniaSarcopenia therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Geriatrics
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Sarcopenia is increasingly recognized as a significant condition in cancer patients, linked to both malignancy presence and oncologic therapies.
  • It negatively impacts chemotherapy tolerance and patient outcomes, necessitating proactive management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and treating sarcopenia in cancer patients.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia, particularly in the context of cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis commonly involves CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra.
  • Therapeutic strategies include anabolic/anti-inflammatory agents, nutritional interventions, and physical exercise, often in combination.

Main Results:

  • Multimodal approaches combining nutritional support, exercise, and pharmacological agents show promise in increasing lean body mass.
  • Evidence from phase II studies and small randomized trials supports the efficacy of these interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia management requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach led by oncologists.
  • Oncologists play a key role in integrating nutritional and physical therapy interventions based on disease progression and treatment toxicity.