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An Engineered E. coli Strain for Direct in Vivo Fluorination.

Konstantinos Markakis1, Phillip T Lowe2, Liam Davison-Gates1

  • 1Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, King's Buildings, Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK.

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Summary

Researchers engineered the fluorinase enzyme into E. coli, enabling live cells to produce 5'-fluorodeoxyadenosine (5'-FDA) from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) and fluoride. This breakthrough offers a sustainable biochemical route for creating fluorinated compounds.

Keywords:
Escherichia coliSAM transportersfluoride channelsfluorinaseshalogenations

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Fluorinated compounds are crucial in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, with 25-30% of optimized compounds containing fluorine.
  • Current methods for introducing fluorine are chemical, often using environmentally hazardous reagents.
  • Biochemical C-F bond formation is highly desirable but exceptionally rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a microbial host capable of producing fluorinated metabolites.
  • To establish a sustainable, biocatalytic method for synthesizing 5 '-fluorodeoxyadenosine (5 '-FDA).

Main Methods:

  • Engineered the fluorinase enzyme from Streptomyces cattleya into Escherichia coli.
  • Introduced a S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) transporter into E. coli.
  • Deleted the endogenous fluoride efflux capacity in E. coli.

Main Results:

  • Achieved successful production of 5 '-FDA from SAM and fluoride in live E. coli cells.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using engineered E. coli as a biocatalyst for fluorination.
  • Created an E. coli host suitable for future engineering of complex fluorometabolites.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered E. coli strain provides a novel biocatalytic platform for producing 5 '-FDA.
  • This work paves the way for developing sustainable biochemical methods for fluorinated compound synthesis.
  • The developed E. coli host has potential for engineering more elaborate fluorinated metabolites.