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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
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Stroke warning syndromes.

Arup Sen1, Jonathan Birns1, Ajay Bhalla1

  • 1Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|February 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physicians must recognize rare stroke warning syndromes, characterized by recurrent neurological deficits, due to their high risk of subsequent ischemic stroke. Early awareness aids in timely intervention for these critical neurological events.

Keywords:
Capsular warning syndromePontine warning syndromeStroke warning syndromes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Cerebrovascular Disease

Background:

  • Stroke warning syndromes are rare but indicate a high risk of subsequent ischemic infarction.
  • These syndromes manifest as recurrent, transient focal neurological deficits without cortical signs.

Observation:

  • Two main subtypes exist: capsular warning syndrome (anterior circulation) and pontine warning syndrome (posterior circulation).
  • Pathophysiology involves cerebral hypoperfusion, potentially due to micro-atherosclerosis (small vessel disease) or hemodynamic instability.

Findings:

  • Capsular warning syndrome is linked to atherosclerosis in anterior circulation perforator arteries (e.g., lenticulostriatal arteries), risking capsular infarcts.
  • Pontine warning syndrome involves posterior circulation perforator arteries, potentially causing paramedian pontine infarcts.

Implications:

  • Physicians need awareness of these syndromes for prompt diagnosis and management.
  • Limited evidence suggests treatments like permissive hypertension, thrombolysis, dual antiplatelet therapy, and statins.