Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 29, 2025
11:22
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
30.9K
Host-microbiome intestinal interactions during early life: considerations for atopy and asthma development
Veronika Kuchařová Pettersen1,2,3,4, Marie-Claire Arrieta1,2,3
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary.
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 1, 2020
Summary
The gut microbiome coevolves with human physiology, influencing infant immune development. Disruptions in early gut microbial colonization are linked to immune-mediated diseases like asthma and atopy.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Human Physiology
Background:
- The gut microbiome, the body's largest microbial community, interacts with host mucosal surfaces.
- These interactions drive functional coevolution between microbes and human physiology.
- Specific microbial compositions in early life are linked to host immune maturation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent birth cohort studies on immune dysregulation and microbial alterations.
- To summarize evidence on the gut microbiome's role in immune-mediated allergic diseases.
- To highlight the molecular role of the early-life microbiome in atopy and asthma susceptibility.
Main Methods:
- Cataloging recent birth cohort studies.
- Summarizing existing evidence.
- Applying ecological concepts to host-microbiome dynamics.
Main Results:
- Associations between immune dysregulation and microbial alterations are documented in birth cohorts.
- The gut microbiome is an etiological determinant of immune-mediated allergic diseases.
- Early-life microbiome composition influences atopy and asthma susceptibility.
Conclusions:
- Host-microbiome interactions are crucial for understanding immune-mediated diseases.
- Ecological concepts and signaling pathways are key to describing the microbiome's role.
- Disruptions in microbial succession are features of atopy and asthma.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Anatomy of the Intestines
86.4K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
86.4K
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
3.9K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
3.9K
01:20Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
1.1K
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
1.1K
01:29Asthma-I: Introduction
3.3K
Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
3.3K
01:25Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs
1.6K
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
1.6K
01:29Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
868
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
868