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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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  11. Single-cell Transcriptomic Atlas Of Primate Ovarian Aging

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Primate Ovarian Aging

Si Wang1, Yuxuan Zheng2, Jingyi Li3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Cell
|February 1, 2020

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ovarian aging and fertility decline are linked to oxidative damage, particularly in oocytes and granulosa cells. This study reveals molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for age-related fertility issues.

Keywords:
agingantioxidant genegranulosa celloocyte

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Gerontology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Female fertility declines with age due to poorly understood ovarian aging mechanisms.
  • Ovarian aging impacts oocyte quality and somatic cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging and age-related fertility decline.
  • To identify cell-type-specific changes in the aging ovary using single-cell transcriptomics.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing of ovaries from young and aged non-human primates (NHPs).
  • Identification and characterization of seven distinct ovarian cell types.
  • Analysis of gene-expression dynamics and aging-associated transcriptional changes.

Main Results:

  • Seven ovarian cell types, including oocytes and somatic cells, were identified with unique gene-expression profiles.
  • Oocyte development stages were delineated into four subtypes based on gene expression.
  • Disturbed antioxidant signaling and oxidative damage were observed in early-stage oocytes and granulosa cells from aged NHPs.
  • Inactivated antioxidative pathways, increased reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis were confirmed in granulosa cells from aged women.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative damage is a key factor in primate ovarian aging and fertility decline.
  • Cell-type-specific molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian aging have been identified.
  • New diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for age-related human ovarian disorders may emerge from these findings.
ovary
primate
single-cell RNA sequencing