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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

$Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography$

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Ultracompact 3D microfluidics for time-resolved structural biology.

Juraj Knoška^1,2, Luigi Adriano^3,4, Salah Awel^1,5

¹CFEL, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.

Nature Communications

|February 2, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two-photon additive manufacturing enables precise 3D microfluidic circuits for structural biology. This technique creates high-speed submicron jets and efficient mixers, advancing microfluidic device capabilities.

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Area of Science:

Microfluidics
Additive Manufacturing
Structural Biology

Background:

Advancing microfluidic integration is crucial for various scientific applications.
Current methods face limitations in creating complex 3D fluidic circuits with high precision.

Purpose of the Study:

To present two-photon additive manufacturing for creating compact, free-form 3D microfluidic circuits.
To tailor microfluidic nozzles and mixers for time-resolved structural biology at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).

Main Methods:

Utilizing two-photon additive manufacturing to fold 2D channel layouts into 3D structures.
Developing microfluidic nozzles and mixers with nanometer precision.
Employing aberration-free in operando X-ray microtomography for mixing studies.

Main Results:

Achieved submicron jets exceeding 160 m/s, enabling megahertz XFEL repetition rates.
Implemented a low-consumption flow-focusing nozzle, validated by solving a hemoglobin structure.
Demonstrated efficient millisecond mixing in channels with integrated 3D features.

Conclusions:

Two-photon additive manufacturing offers a rapid fabrication method for advanced microfluidic devices.
This technology facilitates ultracompact devices and performance enhancements through 3D flow optimization.
The developed microfluidic systems are highly applicable to structural biology and other microfluidic engineering fields.