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Related Concept Videos

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Primary Clarification of CHO Harvested Cell Culture Fluid using an Acoustic Separator
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Acoustic Cell Separation Based on Density and Mechanical Properties.

Yuliang Xie1, Zhangming Mao2, Hunter Bachman3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|February 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel surface acoustic wave (SAW) method for cell separation based on density and compressibility, independent of cell size. The technique achieved high recovery rates for both fixed Hela cells and distinct blood cell types.

Keywords:
cell densitycell mechanical propertiescell separationsurface acoustic wave (SAW)

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Mechanics
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Cellular density and mechanical properties are critical biophysical markers with implications for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology offers biocompatible and compact cell separation but often relies on combined properties like density, mechanics, and size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a SAW-based cell separation method that isolates cells based on density and compressibility, independent of cell size.
  • To manipulate fluidic medium acoustic properties for targeted cell separation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology within microfluidic channels.
  • Manipulated acoustic properties of the fluidic medium by altering channel dimensions, acoustic signal wavelengths, and fluid properties.
  • Applied the method to separate paraformaldehyde-treated and fresh Hela cells, and to distinguish between red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs).

Main Results:

  • Achieved size-independent separation of cells based on density and compressibility.
  • Demonstrated a recovery rate of 85% for fixed Hela cells.
  • Successfully separated RBCs and WBCs, achieving an 80.5% recovery rate for WBCs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SAW platform enables precise cell separation by targeting specific mechanical properties and density.
  • This method offers a significant advancement for applications requiring isolation of cells based on biophysical markers, overcoming limitations of existing SAW techniques.