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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors.

Jigisha P Thakkar1, Priya Kumthekar2, Karan S Dixit3

  • 1Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, United States of America.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|February 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors, detailing their occurrence, causes, symptoms, and treatment. It aims to improve understanding of this advanced cancer complication.

Keywords:
Carcinomatous meningitisCentral nervous system metastasesCerebrospinal fluidIntrathecal chemotherapyLeptomeningeal metastases

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Metastasis
  • Neuropathology

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are common in systemic cancers.
  • Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) involve the brain's membranes and can arise from solid tumors or hematologic malignancies.
  • This review specifically addresses LM originating from solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of LM from solid tumors.
  • To cover epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and prognostication.
  • To discuss current management strategies and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors.
  • Synthesis of information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prognostication, and management.
  • Identification of future research avenues.

Main Results:

  • LM from solid tumors present a complex challenge in oncology.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and pathophysiology is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Current management involves a multidisciplinary approach, but prognoses remain guarded.

Conclusions:

  • Leptomeningeal metastases represent a significant complication of advanced solid tumors.
  • Further research is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Advances in treatment strategies are essential to enhance patient outcomes.