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Entheseal Changes in Response to Age, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity: An Ultrasound Study in Healthy People
Sibel Bakirci1,2, Dilek Solmaz1,2, Wilson Stephenson1,2
1From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and the Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Objective:
We aimed to investigate the prevalence of ultrasonographic (US) lesions in healthy entheses and contributing factors.
Methods:
US scans were performed on 960 entheses of 80 healthy subjects. Factors contributing to entheseal changes were investigated with regression analysis.
Results:
Thickening (20.4% of the entheses) and enthesophytes (23.1%) were the most common inflammatory and structural damage lesions, respectively. Age (p < 0.001), male sex (p = 0.003), body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and high physical activity (p = 0.007) were independent predictors of enthesitis scores on US.
Conclusion:
The effects of age, sex, BMI, and physical activity on the entheses need to be considered when differentiating disease from health.
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