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Published on: February 7, 2018
Modulating Oxidant Levels to Promote Healthy Aging.
Jose Viña1, Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez1, Coralie Arc-Chagnaud1,2
1Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
Free radicals act as signals regulating cell processes. Modulating oxidant levels through exercise or antioxidant enzymes promotes healthy aging by enhancing cellular defenses and mitochondrial function.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Aging Research
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Free radicals, once viewed solely as damaging, are now recognized as signaling molecules influencing cellular processes via thiol-disulfide balance.
- Cellular aging is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased mitochondrial biosynthesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of oxidants in cellular signaling and their impact on aging.
- To discuss physiological and genetic strategies for promoting healthy aging through oxidant modulation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the dual role of free radicals as signals and potential toxins.
- Analysis of exercise physiology and genetic manipulation of antioxidant enzymes.
- Examination of cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in aging.
Main Results:
- Exercise training acts as an antioxidant, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and endogenous antioxidant defenses.
- Overexpression of antioxidant enzymes and controlled ROS generation are crucial for healthy aging.
- Aging cells exhibit increased ROS production and reduced mitochondrial synthesis, contributing to energy collapse.
Conclusions:
- Manipulating ROS generation to favor signaling pathways over deleterious effects is key to promoting healthy aging.
- Physical exercise and enhanced antioxidant defenses are vital for extending healthspan and lifespan.
- Understanding oxidant signaling is critical for developing interventions against age-related decline.
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