[Oncofertility and breast cancer]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Reproductive Medicine
• Women's Health

Background:

• Advances in oncology have improved survival rates for young adults with cancer, including breast cancer.
• Cancer therapies can negatively impact fertility, raising concerns about survivors' quality of life.
• Informing patients about fertility risks and preservation options is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current fertility preservation techniques for cancer patients.
• To highlight the importance of discussing fertility risks and options with young adults undergoing cancer treatment.
• To inform about the effectiveness and limitations of various fertility preservation methods.

Main Methods:

• Review of established and innovative fertility preservation techniques.
• Focus on oocyte and embryo cryopreservation following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
• Discussion of alternative methods when standard stimulation is not feasible.

Main Results:

• Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation followed by oocyte or embryo cryopreservation is the most effective fertility preservation method.
• New protocols allow breast cancer patients to undergo cryopreservation regardless of their menstrual cycle phase or estradiol levels.
• Alternative techniques include ovarian cortex cryopreservation, in vitro maturation, and GnRH agonist use.

Conclusions:

• Fertility preservation is essential for young cancer survivors to maintain quality of life.
• While effective, fertility preservation techniques do not guarantee future pregnancy.
• Informed decision-making regarding fertility preservation should be a standard part of cancer care for young adults.