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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
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Corrosive substances ingestion: a review.

Alan H Hall1,2, Denise Jacquemin3, Danièlle Henny4

  • 1Toxicology Consulting and Medical Translating Services, Azle and Springtown, TX, USA.

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|February 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Corrosive chemical ingestions cause severe gastrointestinal damage, leading to strictures and other complications. Treatment options like dilation and surgery are often necessary for managing these devastating injuries.

Keywords:
Corrosive ingestionacid ingestionbase ingestioncaustic ingestioncaustic substancescorrosive substances

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Corrosive chemical ingestions represent a significant global health issue, particularly impacting developing nations, but also occurring in developed countries.
  • Ingestions, whether intentional (suicide attempts) or accidental (childhood incidents), result in severe suffering, disability, and substantial healthcare costs.
  • Limited medical resources in developing countries can exacerbate poor outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, common sequelae, and management strategies for corrosive chemical ingestions.
  • To highlight the challenges in treating acute corrosive injuries and long-term complications like strictures.
  • To underscore the need for evidence-based interventions in acute and chronic phases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on corrosive substance ingestions.
  • Analysis of common gastrointestinal and systemic complications.
  • Overview of current treatment modalities, including acute interventions, dilation therapy, and surgical options.

Main Results:

  • Common sequelae include gastrointestinal strictures, perforation, and hemorrhage.
  • Systemic effects such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multi-organ failure, and sepsis can occur.
  • Lack of large controlled clinical trials to validate acute phase interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Corrosive ingestions lead to severe GI tract damage and potentially life-threatening systemic effects.
  • Management often requires long-term interventions, including dilation therapy and surgery for strictures.
  • Further research with controlled clinical trials is needed to establish effective acute treatment protocols.