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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

5.2K
The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
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Dissecting multi-photon resonances at the large hadron collider.

B C Allanach1, D Bhatia2, Abhishek M Iyer2

  • 11Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA UK.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|February 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored heavy resonance X production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). They developed methods to distinguish multi-photon decays from direct diphoton production, aiding new particle discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Particle Physics
  • Collider Physics

Background:

  • The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operates at 13 TeV, enabling the search for new heavy resonances.
  • Understanding particle decay channels is crucial for interpreting experimental data and discovering new physics.
  • Multi-photon final states can mimic simpler signatures, posing a challenge for new particle detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production of a heavy resonance X decaying into multi-photon final states via intermediate particles n at the LHC.
  • To develop strategies for discriminating complex multi-photon decays from direct diphoton production.
  • To explore the potential for spin determination of new particles X and n using photon jet substructure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of simulated multi-photon final states from heavy resonance X production at 13 TeV.
  • Development of photon jet substructure variables to analyze unresolved collinear photon emissions from intermediate particle n decays.
  • Examination of pseudo-rapidity gap distributions between apparent diphoton states to probe particle spins.

Main Results:

  • Under certain mass conditions, multi-photon decays can appear as two-photon states due to collinear photon emissions.
  • Relaxing photon isolation criteria and using photon jet substructure variables effectively distinguishes these scenarios.
  • Pseudo-rapidity gap distributions can discriminate between various spin assignments for X and n, with exceptions for scalar-scalar cases.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed methods offer a viable approach to identify new heavy resonances decaying into multi-photon final states at the LHC.
  • Photon jet substructure analysis provides sensitivity to the spins of the parent resonance X and intermediate particles n.
  • Mass information of the intermediate particle n can be inferred from the invariant mass of the photon jets.