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Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer Mediated by Graphene Oxide-Based Materials.

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Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) promote direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in microbial communities. Hydrophilic rGO materials enhance DIET-mediated methanogenesis by improving microbial cell adhesion.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conductive materials, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), are known to facilitate direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) by electrically connecting microbial cells.
  • Previous research suggested GO-based materials promote DIET in anaerobic microbial communities, but direct evidence and the influence of material properties were lacking.
  • Understanding the role of rGO and its physicochemical properties is crucial for optimizing DIET efficiency in microbial consortia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether chemically and biologically reduced GO compounds can promote DIET in a defined coculture system.
  • To examine the effects of surface properties of GO-based materials on DIET efficiency.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of DIET promotion by GO-based materials in syntrophic methanogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a defined coculture of *Geobacter metallireducens* (electron producer) and *Methanosarcina barkeri* (methanogen) with GO supplementation.
  • Employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm GO reduction to rGO by microbial activity.
  • Conducted stoichiometry and isotope labeling experiments to verify DIET-mediated methanogenesis and assessed chemically reduced GO derivatives (rGO-NH2, rGO-ODA) for DIET-promoting efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Supplementation of GO promoted methane production from ethanol in the coculture, with GO being reduced to rGO by *G. metallireducens*.
  • Biologically reduced GO was confirmed to induce DIET-mediated syntrophic methanogenesis.
  • Hydrophilic rGO derivatives exhibited higher DIET-promoting efficiency, correlating with enhanced microbial cell adhesion, particularly for *G. metallireducens*.

Conclusions:

  • Both biologically and chemically reduced GO effectively promote DIET-mediated syntrophic methanogenesis.
  • Surface hydrophilicity of rGO materials is a key determinant of their DIET-promoting efficiency due to improved microbial cell recruitment.
  • These findings offer guidance for selecting conductive materials to enhance methanogenesis in anaerobic digesters.