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Post-traumatic elbow stiffness: Pathogenesis and current treatments.

Dafang Zhang1,2, Ara Nazarian2,3,4, Edward K Rodriguez1,2,3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, MA, USA.

Shoulder & Elbow
|February 4, 2020
PubMed
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Post-traumatic elbow stiffness significantly impairs upper extremity function, often requiring reoperation. This review covers its causes, current treatments like therapy and surgery, and future directions for managing elbow stiffness.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Care
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Post-traumatic elbow stiffness is a common complication following elbow injuries.
  • It severely restricts hand positioning and functional use of the upper extremity.
  • Often necessitates surgical reintervention to restore motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of post-traumatic elbow stiffness pathogenesis.
  • To analyze existing nonoperative and operative treatment modalities.
  • To discuss evidence, outcomes, and complications of management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathogenesis and treatment options.
  • Analysis of nonoperative treatments: therapy, bracing, manipulation under anesthesia.
Keywords:
arthrofibrosisarthrolysiscapsular releaseelbow stiffnesselbow traumapost-traumatic elbow stiffness

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  • Evaluation of operative treatments: arthroscopic and open arthrolysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Elbow stiffness pathogenesis involves complex biological and mechanical factors.
    • Nonoperative treatments offer conservative management options.
    • Surgical arthrolysis provides options for restoring range of motion with varying risks.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of post-traumatic elbow stiffness requires understanding its pathogenesis.
    • Treatment selection depends on individual patient factors, severity, and goals.
    • Further research is needed to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.