Sound as a stimulus in associative learning for heat stress in Arabidopsis

Plants are analogous to animals by responding physiologically and phenotypically to environmental changes. Until recently, the meaning of sound in the plant's life remains undiscovered. In this study, we investigated the role of music in response to heat stress and its application in memory and associative learning for stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Significant upregulation of heat-responsive genes (HSFA3, SMXL7, and ATHSP101) in response to music suggests music has an advantage during heat stress. Moreover, the defensive conditioning experiment showed that plant learns to associate music with stress (heat) and elicit better response compared to music alone. Two heat-responsive genes, HSFA3 and ATCTL1, which are well known for their interaction and regulation of an array of heat shock proteins were found to play a key role in associative learning for heat stress in Arabidopsis. Our experiment highlights the application of sound in plant conditioning and as a stress reliever. Nonetheless, the persistence of memory awaits further experiments. We foresee the potential of artificial sound as an environment-friendly stimulus in conditioning the crops for upcoming stresses and reduce the yield loss, as an alternative to breeding and genetic modifications.