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Glacier Calving in Greenland.

Douglas I Benn¹, Tom Cowton¹, Joe Todd¹

¹1School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL UK.

Current Climate Change Reports

|February 4, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Greenland

Keywords:

Greenland Ice sheet models Iceberg calving

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Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine

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Area of Science:

Glaciology
Oceanography
Climate Science

Background:

Marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland, responsible for significant ice discharge via calving and submarine melting, are accelerating due to increased ocean heat.
Fjord bathymetry, including pinning points and over-deepened basins, critically influences glacier behavior and retreat dynamics.
Current ice-sheet models lack accurate representations of complex calving processes, hindering predictions of glacier response to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the critical role of calving and submarine melting in Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss.
To underscore the limitations in predicting tidewater glacier behavior despite advances in process understanding.
To emphasize the need for improved calving laws in ice-sheet models for accurate sea-level rise projections.

Main Methods:

Review of current understanding of calving and submarine melting processes at marine-terminating glaciers.
Analysis of the influence of fjord geomorphology on glacier stability and retreat.
Assessment of the adequacy of existing calving laws in ice-sheet models.

Main Results:

Calving and submarine melting together account for 33-50% of Greenland Ice Sheet's annual mass discharge.
Glacier acceleration and retreat are driven by increased oceanic heat flux, modulated by fjord topography.
Existing calving laws are insufficient for accurately modeling glacier dynamics.

Conclusions:

Predicting tidewater glacier response to climate forcing remains challenging due to complex calving processes.
Advancements in process modeling are crucial for developing more accurate calving laws.
Improved predictions of tidewater glacier behavior are essential for projecting future sea-level rise.