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The Interplay Between the DNA Damage Response, RNA Processing and Extracellular Vesicles.

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RNA processing factors maintain genomic stability by regulating DNA repair proteins. This interplay impacts cancer metastasis and drug resistance, highlighting new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • RNA processing influences DNA damage response and genomic stability.
  • Key RNA processing factors (THRAP3, BCLAF1) regulate DNA repair protein expression and localization.
  • Splicing factors and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial in preventing R-loop-induced genome instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the interplay between DNA damage response (DDR), RNA processing, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated metastasis.
  • To highlight the roles of RNA processing in maintaining genomic stability.
  • To discuss the connection between DDR, RNA processing, and cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on DNA damage response and RNA processing.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific RNA processing factors and splicing factors.
  • Examination of the impact of extracellular vesicles on cancer metastasis and drug resistance.

Main Results:

  • RNA processing factors THRAP3 and BCLAF1 are critical for genomic stability, regulating DNA repair proteins.
  • Splicing factors control mRNA splicing of key genes involved in apoptosis, cell-cycle, and DNA repair.
  • Extracellular vesicles enhance cancer metastasis and drug resistance, while their inhibition reduces these effects.
  • Cross-talk exists between DDR and immune response, influencing cancer treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate relationship between RNA processing and DNA damage response is vital for maintaining genomic integrity.
  • Understanding these interactions offers potential strategies for combating cancer metastasis and drug resistance.
  • Targeting RNA processing and extracellular vesicle pathways may represent novel therapeutic avenues in oncology.