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How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota.

Grégoire Wieërs1, Leila Belkhir2, Raphaël Enaud3

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|February 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotics may not colonize the gut but can improve health by sharing genes and metabolites. Understanding specific probiotic strain effects is crucial for targeted clinical applications.

Keywords:
clinicsdrug interactionmetabolismmicrobiotaprobioticpsychiatryskin

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Probiotics have a long history of use, with early theories focusing on repleting gut microbiota like Bifidobacteria.
  • Recent research suggests probiotic benefits stem from gene/metabolite sharing and immune modulation, not just colonization.
  • Modifications in gut and skin microbiota are observed in various diseases, prompting investigation into probiotic roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between probiotics and gut/skin microbiota.
  • To clarify the clinical rationale and mechanisms of probiotic action.
  • To differentiate the effects of various probiotic strains.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical observations and recent studies on probiotic impact.
  • Analysis of mechanisms beyond microbial colonization, including gene/metabolite exchange.
  • Exploration of interactions with host epithelial and immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic impact is attributed to shared genes/metabolites and modulation of host cells, not necessarily gut colonization.
  • Probiotics may influence diseases like insulin resistance, infections, inflammation, and psychiatric disorders.
  • Individual probiotic strains exhibit varied effects, complicating generalized clinical recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • The efficacy of probiotics depends on specific strain mechanisms and interactions, not just their presence in the microbiota.
  • Probiotics can be adjunct therapies for various conditions, potentially affecting drug metabolism.
  • Further research is needed to personalize probiotic use based on strain-specific effects and patient microbiota profiles.