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Related Concept Videos

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

12.6K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

12.4K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
12.4K
Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

5.3K
Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
5.3K
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

15.4K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
15.4K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

7.1K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
7.1K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

16.0K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
16.0K

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Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae
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Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae

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Bio-based Algae Oil: an oxidation and structural analysis.

H Birjandi Nejad1,2, L Blasco1, B Moran1

  • 1Lubrizol Corp., 9911 Brecksville Rd, Brecksville, OH, 44141, USA.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|February 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel, sustainably produced Bio-Based Algae Oil offers superior oxidation stability and moisturization for cosmetic applications. This natural emollient, rich in oleic acid, overcomes limitations of traditional vegetal oils, enhancing product shelf-life and skin health.

Keywords:
Algaebiotechnology/fermentationchemical analysismoisturizationtriglyceride

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Vegetal oils are popular cosmetic emollients but suffer from oxidation instability and potential allergens.
  • Synthetic antioxidants and limited stability restrict the use of natural oils in formulations.
  • A need exists for stable, natural emollients with enhanced cosmetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, sustainably produced triglyceride, Bio-Based Algae Oil, as a natural emollient for cosmetics.
  • To evaluate the oxidation stability, composition, and moisturizing properties of Bio-Based Algae Oil.
  • To compare Bio-Based Algae Oil with existing triglyceride-based emollients.

Main Methods:

  • Oxidation stability was assessed using Rancimat and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC).
  • Fatty acid composition was analyzed via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and gas chromatography (GC).
  • An in vivo study evaluated skin hydration levels post-application over 24 hours.

Main Results:

  • Bio-Based Algae Oil exhibited superior thermal and oxidation stability due to low unsaturation and high antioxidant content.
  • The oil demonstrated the highest skin hydration levels in in vivo testing.
  • Compositional analysis confirmed a triglyceride structure rich in oleic acid chains.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-Based Algae Oil is a stable, natural emollient with significant moisturizing benefits.
  • Its high oxidation stability ensures a prolonged shelf-life for cosmetic formulations.
  • The oil's sustainability and efficacy make it suitable for skincare, suncare, and bath products.