Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction under Visible-Light Irradiation by Ruthenium CNC Pincer Complexes

Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction using a ruthenium photosensitizer, a sacrificial reagent 1,3-dimethyl-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BI(OH)H), and a ruthenium catalyst were carried out. The catalysts contain a pincer ligand, 2,6-bis(alkylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine (CNC) and a bipyridine (bpy). The photocatalytic reaction system resulted in HCOOH as a main product (selectivity 70-80 %), with a small amount of CO, and H₂ . Comparative experiments (a coordinated ligand (NCMe vs. CO) and substituents (tBu vs. Me) of the CNC ligand in the catalyst) were performed. The turnover number (TON_HCOOH ) of carbonyl-ligated catalysts are higher than those of acetonitrile-ligated catalysts, and the carbonyl catalyst with the smaller substituents (Me) reached TON_HCOOH =5634 (24 h), which is the best performance among the experiments.