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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
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A laminated energetic electrostatic analyzer for 0-5 keV charged particles.

C A Maldonado1, Z Eyler2, B Pierce2

  • 1Space Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

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A new electrostatic energy bandpass filter measures charged particle fluxes from 0-5 keV. It accurately measures spacecraft frame charging effects on plasma measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Space Science Instrumentation

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of charged particle fluxes is crucial for understanding space plasma environments.
  • Spacecraft charging can significantly impact in-situ plasma measurements, leading to inaccurate data.
  • Existing instruments may face challenges in characterizing low-energy charged particles and spacecraft charging effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a compact electrostatic energy bandpass filter for charged particle flux measurements.
  • To assess the instrument's capability in measuring spacecraft frame charging.
  • To investigate the influence of spacecraft charging on derived plasma parameters.

Main Methods:

  • A laminated analyzer design was employed for the electrostatic energy bandpass filter.
  • The sensor head was tested using a low-energy magnetically filtered plasma source and an ion beam source (100-1250 eV).
  • A low Earth orbit plasma simulator was utilized to test spacecraft frame charging measurements.

Main Results:

  • The electrostatic energy bandpass filter successfully measured charged particle fluxes in the 0-5 keV range.
  • The instrument accurately measured negative spacecraft frame charging under simulated low Earth orbit conditions.
  • The study examined the impact of spacecraft charging on energy distribution measurements and derived plasma parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed compact electrostatic energy bandpass filter is a viable tool for measuring charged particle fluxes.
  • The instrument effectively quantifies spacecraft frame charging, crucial for data interpretation in space plasmas.
  • Understanding spacecraft charging effects is vital for accurate determination of charged particle density and temperature.