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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
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Combinatorial Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Enabled by Non-Contact Printing.

Adam S Opalski1, Artur Ruszczak1, Yurii Promovych1

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.

Micromachines
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a microfluidic device for easy antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) at the point-of-care. This method uses non-contact printing to test drug combinations and bacterial resistance efficiently.

Keywords:
antibiotic susceptibility testantimicrobial resistancedrug–drug interactionsnon-contact printing

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat.
  • Accurate and rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Current AST methods can be time-consuming and complex for point-of-care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of non-contact printing for fabricating a microfluidic device for combinatorial antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST).
  • To introduce the microfluidic antibiotic susceptibility test (mAST) device as an easy-to-operate, point-of-care solution.
  • To assess bacterial resistance profiles and drug-drug interactions using the developed mAST device.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of the mAST device using non-contact printing to prefill microwells with antibiotics.
  • Performing AST by incubating bacterial samples with prefilled antibiotic combinations.
  • Monitoring bacterial proliferation using an absorbance reader.
  • Analyzing results using the Bliss independence model for drug-drug interactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated the mAST device using non-contact printing.
  • Demonstrated continuous monitoring of bacterial proliferation.
  • Investigated resistance profiles of two reference *Escherichia coli* strains.
  • Reported minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for single antibiotics and assessed drug-drug interactions in cocktails.

Conclusions:

  • The mAST device offers a user-friendly, point-of-care platform for combinatorial AST.
  • Non-contact printing is a viable method for fabricating microfluidic devices for rapid diagnostics.
  • The mAST device facilitates the study of antibiotic resistance and drug interactions.