The Connection and Disconnection Between Microbiome and Metabolome: A Critical Appraisal in Clinical Research

Big data-driven omics research has led to a steep rise in investigations involving two of the most functional omes, the metabolome and microbiome. The former is touted as the closest to the phenotype, and the latter is implicated in general well-being and a plethora of human diseases. Although some research publications have integrated the concepts of the two domains, most focus their analyses on evidence solely originating from one or the other. With a growing interest in connecting the microbiome and metabolome in the context of disease, researchers must also appreciate the disconnect between the two domains. In the present review, drawing examples from the current literature, tools, and resources, I discuss the connections between the microbiome and metabolome and highlight challenges and opportunities in linking them together for the basic, translational, clinical, and nursing research communities.