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[Deprivation index by enumeration district in Spain, 2011]
Ignacio Duque1, María Felicitas Domínguez-Berjón2, Alba Cebrecos3
1Subdirección General de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid, España.
Gaceta Sanitaria
|February 5, 2020
Summary
A new deprivation index was created for Spain using 2011 census data, revealing socioeconomic disparities across enumeration districts. This tool aids in studying health inequalities post-recession.
Area of Science:
- Socioeconomic analysis
- Geographic information systems
- Public health research
Background:
- Spain's socioeconomic landscape in 2011 requires updated analysis following the 2008 economic recession.
- Existing methods for measuring deprivation at a granular level need refinement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and implement a deprivation index at the enumeration district level for Spain.
- To characterize the socioeconomic situation of Spain in 2011 using this index.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2011 Population and Housing Census of Spain.
- Employed Principal Component Analysis to construct the deprivation index from six key indicators.
- Performed sensitivity analysis for urban and regional variations.
Main Results:
- Calculated 22 indicators for 35,917 enumeration districts.
- The deprivation index identified key factors: employment status, education levels, and internet access in dwellings.
- Geospatial analysis revealed a south-west to north-east gradient of decreasing deprivation.
Conclusions:
- The developed deprivation index provides a systematic socioeconomic overview of Spain at the enumeration district level.
- This index, comparable to the MEDEA index, will support updated studies on health inequalities.
- Facilitates understanding of post-recession socioeconomic impacts on population health.
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