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A three-dimensional nanoscale study in selected coal mine drainage.

Luis F O Silva1, Tito J Crissien2, Celene Milanes1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.

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Summary

Coal mine drainage sediments contain hazardous elements and pollutants. Their amorphous composition, influenced by pH, impacts sediment properties and requires multidisciplinary control strategies.

Keywords:
3D nanoparticles studyMulti-analytical approachNon-destructive techniquesPotential impacts diagnosing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Coal mine drainages (CMDs) release persistent pollutants, including sulfates and heavy metals like chromium, zinc, copper, and lead, into aquatic environments.
  • Pollutant accumulation in CMDs can persist for decades post-mining, necessitating effective remediation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the mineralogy and amorphous nanophase composition of sediments from Brazilian coal mine drainages.
  • To investigate the relationship between sediment properties, amorphous composition, and the pH conditions of CMD formation.
  • To provide insights for geochemical evaluation and management of CMDs globally.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) with SIROQUANT software for quantifying amorphous material.
  • Advanced electron microscopy techniques: Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).
  • High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (H-TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) for nanophase analysis and 3D structural determination.

Main Results:

  • Sediment mineralogy (quartz, clays, Al-Fe-oxides, amorphous nanophases) correlates with coal cleaning reject (CCR) mineral matter.
  • AMorphous nanophase composition in Brazilian CMDs varies significantly between low-pH and high-pH derived sediments.
  • Specific amorphous compositions are linked to other sediment characteristics, such as particle surface area.

Conclusions:

  • The mineral and amorphous nanophase composition of CMD sediments is influenced by the source material and environmental conditions (pH).
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for predicting pollutant behavior and developing targeted management strategies for CMDs.
  • This study provides a foundation for further geochemical assessments of coal mine drainage sites worldwide.