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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
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Tropical cyclone rainbands can trigger meteotsunamis.

Luming Shi1, Maitane Olabarrieta2, David S Nolan3

  • 1Civil and Coastal Engineering Department, ESSIE, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. shiluming@ufl.edu.

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|February 5, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meteotsunamis, or large waves, frequently occur during tropical cyclones and significantly increase coastal flood risks. This study reveals how tropical cyclone rainbands generate these destructive waves.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Meteorology
  • Coastal Engineering

Background:

  • Tropical cyclones cause significant flood-related damage and casualties.
  • Accurate prediction of total water levels during storms is crucial for coastal impact mitigation.
  • The role of meteotsunamis in tropical cyclones is often underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and impact of meteotsunamis during tropical cyclones.
  • To analyze the mechanisms of meteotsunami generation and propagation induced by tropical cyclones.
  • To understand how tropical cyclone structures contribute to meteotsunami events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an idealized coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave numerical model.
  • Simulated tropical cyclone conditions to study wave generation.
  • Analyzed the influence of spiral rainbands on meteotsunami formation.

Main Results:

  • Meteotsunami waves are a common phenomenon during tropical cyclones.
  • These waves can substantially contribute to total water levels during storms.
  • Inner and outer spiral rainbands of tropical cyclones are primary triggers for extreme meteotsunamis.
  • Outer rainbands generate single-peak waves, while inner rainbands produce longer wave trains.

Conclusions:

  • Meteotsunamis play a significant, underappreciated role in tropical cyclone impacts.
  • Understanding rainband dynamics is key to predicting severe meteotsunami events.
  • This research improves the characterization of coastal flood hazards associated with tropical cyclones.