Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

685
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
685
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

399
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
399
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

205
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
205
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

739
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
739
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

743
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
743

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Co-expression-based models improve eQTL predictions for transcriptome-wide association studies and highlight new schizophrenia-associated genes.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

A Structured Consent Framework for Research of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Advanced Dementia: Consent Process for the ECT-AD Trial.

The journal of ECT·2026
Same author

Transdiagnostic Profiles of BOLD Signal Variability in Autism and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Associations With Cognition and Functioning.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same author

Microstructural Alterations of the Cerebellum-Ventral Tegmental Area Pathways in First-Episode Psychosis.

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging·2026
Same author

Multivariate relationships between social cognitive performance and functional connectivity during task and rest across schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Clozapine treatment in the early stages of schizophrenia.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
04:51

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

10.1K

Electroconvulsive Therapy Augmentation in Clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Prospective, Randomized Study.

Georgios Petrides, Chitra Malur, Raphael J Braga

    Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)
    |February 5, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated the impact of early life stress on adult depression. Findings suggest a significant link between childhood adversity and the development of depressive disorders later in life.

    More Related Videos

    Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
    09:07

    Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

    Published on: August 15, 2017

    12.5K
    Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
    11:11

    Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

    Published on: November 25, 2025

    168

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

    Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
    04:51

    Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

    Published on: April 11, 2019

    10.1K
    Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
    09:07

    Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

    Published on: August 15, 2017

    12.5K
    Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
    11:11

    Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

    Published on: November 25, 2025

    168

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Neuroscience
    • Psychology

    Background:

    • Early life stress is a known risk factor for mental health disorders.
    • Understanding the long-term effects of childhood adversity is crucial for developing effective interventions.
    • Previous research has indicated a correlation, but specific mechanisms require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the association between early life stress and the onset of major depressive disorder in adulthood.
    • To identify potential mediating factors in the relationship between childhood adversity and adult depression.
    • To provide evidence for early intervention strategies targeting individuals with a history of adverse childhood experiences.

    Main Methods:

    • A longitudinal study design was employed, following a cohort of individuals from childhood into adulthood.
    • Participants underwent comprehensive assessments of early life stress exposure, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction.
    • Diagnostic interviews were used to assess for major depressive disorder in adulthood, alongside measures of psychological functioning.

    Main Results:

    • Individuals reporting higher levels of early life stress exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing major depressive disorder in adulthood.
    • Specific types of adversity, such as emotional neglect, were strongly associated with later-onset depression.
    • Psychological resilience factors appeared to moderate the impact of stress, though not fully eliminate the risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Early life stress is a potent and enduring risk factor for adult depression.
    • Interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of childhood adversity may reduce the burden of depressive disorders.
    • Further research into protective factors and neurobiological pathways is warranted.