Scrofula Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health
• Clinical Case Study

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of mortality, with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) posing a significant challenge.
• MDR-TB is defined by resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, key anti-TB drugs.
• Preventing new Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and disease progression is vital for reducing TB's global impact.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of MDR-TB presenting as cervical lymphadenopathy in an HIV-negative patient.
• To underscore the importance of recognizing uncommon manifestations of MDR-TB.
• To emphasize the need for intensified disease surveillance for effective TB control.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of a 73-year-old HIV-negative female.
• Clinical evaluation including assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy.
• Diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

Main Results:

• The patient was diagnosed with MDR-TB.
• The presentation involved cervical lymphadenopathy, a rare manifestation of MDR-TB.
• This case occurred in Portugal, highlighting regional variations in disease presentation.

Conclusions:

• Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis lymphadenitis is an uncommon clinical presentation, particularly in HIV-negative individuals.
• Effective national and global TB control requires intensified government surveillance strategies.
• Focusing on prevention remains paramount in combating the ongoing threat of tuberculosis worldwide.