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Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Heart Disease: Beyond Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Chike C Nwabuo1, Ramachandran S Vasan2,3,4

  • 1Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA.

Current Hypertension Reports
|February 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a growing concern due to rising hypertension prevalence. Understanding HHD

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • Increasing life expectancy and hypertension burden necessitate a deeper understanding of HHD.
  • Historically, focus has been on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but HHD involves broader organ damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural and functional alterations in the cardiac and vascular systems that define HHD.
  • To underscore the underlying pathophysiology of hypertensive heart disease.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of HHD beyond left ventricular hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on hypertensive heart disease.
  • Synthesis of findings on cardiac and vascular structural and functional changes.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiology of HHD.

Main Results:

  • HHD involves micro- and macroscopic myocardial alterations.
  • Structural and functional changes include cardiac fibrosis and remodeling of atria, ventricles, and arteries.
  • HHD encompasses a spectrum of target-organ damage beyond LVH.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertensive heart disease is a complex condition with widespread cardiovascular impact.
  • A comprehensive understanding of HHD's features and mechanisms is crucial for managing cardiovascular disease.
  • Further research into HHD pathophysiology is essential given projected increases in hypertension.
Abstract

Keywords:
Arterial stiffnessCardiac fibrosisHypertensionLeft atriumLeft ventricleRight ventricle

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